(A) Someone with an internal locus of control will believe that the things that happen to them are greatly influenced by their own abilities, actions, or mistakes. A person with an external locus of control will tend to feel that other forces—such as random chance, social structures, environmental factors, or the actions of others—are more responsible for the events that occur in the individual's life.

(A) A Cordon Sanitaire policy is an informal commitment to exclude extremist political parties from forming coalitions. Examples include the exclusion of the Front National in France, True Finns (The Finnish Far Right) from Finland, or the call to ban the Alternative for Germany (AfD) in Germany.

(B) There are two strong contenders for the Republican (GOP) presidential nomination ahead of the 2028 primary. One is JD Vance, the current Vice President, who is known for a populist “America First” rhetoric, protectionist national policy, and a hesitance to form global alliances. The other is Marco Rubio, the current Secretary of State, who is known to be more institutionalist and favourable towards strategic global alignment.

(C) In New Zealand, Māori electorates are reserved parliamentary seats for Māori representatives, with electoral boundaries that overlap with general electorates. After each census, registered Māori voters can choose whether to enroll on the Māori roll or the general roll. There are currently 7 Māori electorates out of 123 seats in Parliament. Māori electorates are contested during general elections.

(B) Deaf students attending mainstream schools may be given accommodations such as sign language interpreters, note-takers, captioning technology, and occasional self-contained classrooms, while lessons and school activities are still primarily catered towards hearing students. On the other hand, deaf schools are specialised schools for deaf students, where lessons and school activities are delivered in sign language by specialised teachers. 

(A) In the early 2000s the US, the EU, Brazil, and others implemented policies aimed at increasing the production and consumption of biofuel. These policies included introducing a minimum proportion of transportation fuels that must be biofuels, as well as tax breaks and subsidies for biofuel producers. Global biofuel production increased more than fivefold between 2005 and 2020.

(B) A single desk marketing board is the sole marketer and buyer of a product with multiple suppliers. For example, between 1939 and 1999, the government-run Australian Wheat Board was the only organisation in Australia with the right to buy wheat from farmers. It then negotiated with buyers, and sold wheat both domestically and internationally, paying all farmers an equal average price for each tonne of wheat they grew.

(C) A windfall tax is a higher tax rate on profits that ensue from a sudden unexpected profit gain to a particular company or industry.

(A) There exists a device that can ensure its user does not ever experience romantic love again. The process is irreversible.

(B) After the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda set up the Gacaca courts: a community-based justice system where respected local residents and lay judges held public hearings to try those suspected of involvement in the genocide. Gacaca courts could impose prison sentences or restrict civil rights of the perpetrators, and they offered reduced penalties to those who confessed, especially if they did so before being formally accused. Gacaca courts did not deal with crimes committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) (Tutsi). The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) prosecuted the most prominent and high-ranking suspects.

The Hajj, in Islam, is the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is one of the five pillars of faith in Islam, and is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adults provided they are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their families during their absence.